Phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals: a review

Authors

  • Maybis Eugenia López Hernández Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN Managua, Nicaragua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-3129
  • Osman Enrique Morales Hernández Instituto Nicaragüense de Energía-INE, Nicaragua

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15197

Keywords:

Phytoremediation of contaminated soils, heavy metals, bioavailability, challenges, biomass disposal

Abstract

The objective of this article is to provide a description of the basic concepts of phytoremediation as a friendly and viable technology for the remediation of soils by heavy metals. Through the compilation of documentation in reliable databases and a review of the available literature, publications related to the phytoremediation of contaminated sites were included. Within phytoremediation there are different strategies such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization and phytovolatilization, which have advantages such as the permanent removal of metals from the soil without altering the quality of soils, it contributes to restoring the vegetation of the site and reducing soil erosion, in addition, it can be applied on-site or off-site. However, among its disadvantages are the prolonged period of time, the phytotoxicity of plants and bioavailability of the metal, and the treatment of contaminated biomass whose management alternatives include its disposal in landfills for hazardous waste or incineration for purification and recovery of heavy metals. Another alternative is the use of biomass as bioenergy, however, there is little knowledge about the emissions that could be generated during this process. Among the challenges of phytoremediation are the low growth rate of plants, shallow roots and low biomass production, as well as pests and diseases that can reduce the efficiency in the removal of pollutants. Phytoremediation has had a great boom in recent years, however, there are still challenges to face to achieve sustainable phytoremediation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Maybis Eugenia López Hernández, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN Managua, Nicaragua

Licenciada Química, estudiante de Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales con Mención en Gestión Ambiental del Programa de Investigación de Estudios Nacionales y Servicios del Ambiente (PIENSA) de la UNI. Responsable de laboratorio de Fisicoquímica en el Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología de UNAN-Managua.

Osman Enrique Morales Hernández, Instituto Nicaragüense de Energía-INE, Nicaragua

Ingeniero Industrial y de Sistemas (UNAN-Managua); Posgrado en Gerencia de Operaciones Centrado en la Calidad (UNI); Estudiante de Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales con Mención en Gestión Ambiental del Programa de Investigación de Estudios Nacionales y Servicios del Ambiente (PIENSA) de la UNI. Especialista Ambiental del Instituto Nicaragüense de Energía-INE.

References

Ali H., Khan E. & Anwar Sajad M. (2013). Phytoremediation of heavy metals—Concepts and applications. Elsevier, 869-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075.

Ashraf S., Ali Q., Ahmad Zahir Z., Ashraf S. & Naeem Asghar H. (2019). Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils. Elsevier, 714-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068.

Banco Central de Nicaragua. (2021). Informe annual 2021. Obtenido de: https://www.bcn.gob.ni/sites/default/files/documentos/Informe_Anual_2021.pdf

Bolan N., Kunhikrishnan A., Thangarajan R., Kumpiene J., Park J., Makino T., Beth Kirkham M & Scheckel K. (2014). Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize? Elsevier, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018.

Centro Humboldt. (2017). La pequeña minería y minería artesanal en Nicaragua. Obtenido de: https://humboldt.org.ni/la-pequena-mineria-y-mineria-artesanal-en-nicaragua/

Cristaldi, A., Conti, G. O., Jho, E. H., Zuccarello, P., Grasso, A., Copat, C., & Ferrante, M. (2017). Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs. A brief review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 8, 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.08.002

FAO (Organización de las naciones Unidas para la Agricultura), Rodriguez, N., Michael, & Pennock, D. (2019). La contaminación del suelo: una realidad oculta. In Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la alimentacion y la agricultura FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/I9183ES/i9183es.pdf

Gomes H. (2012). Phytoremediation for bioenergy: challenges and opportunities. Environmental Technology Reviews, 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.696715.

Hooda P. (2010). Trace elements in soil. General Soil Chemestry, Principles and Processes, 9-37. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, UK. A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication. DOI:10.1002/9781444319477

Hui Awa S. & Hadibarata T. (2020). Removal of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation Mechanism: a Review. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 231:47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-4426-0.

Laghlimi M., Baghdad B., El Hadi H. & Bouabdli A. (2015). Phytoremediation Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils: A Review. Open Journal of Ecology, 75-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2015.58031.

Lasat, M. M. (1999). Phytoextraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil: A Review of Plant/Soil/Metal Interaction and Assessment of Pertinent Agronomic Issues. Journal of Hazardous Substance Research:, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.4148/1090-7025.1015 .

Mahar A., Wang P., Ali A., Kumar Awasthi M., Hussain Lahori A., Wang Q., Li R. & Zhang Z. (2016). Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: A review. Elsevier, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.023.

McIntyre, T. . (2003). Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Soils. In: Tsao, D.T. (eds) Phytoremediation. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 78. En P. T. P.K., Chapter 18. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils (págs. 417-418). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Naidu, R., Channey, R., McConnell, S., Johnston, N., Semple, K.T., McGrath, S., Dries, V., Nathanail, P., Harmsen, J., Pruszinski, A., MacMillan, J. & Palanisami, T. 2015. Towards bioavailability-based soil criteria: past, present and future perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(12): 8779–8785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1617-x

Pivetz B. (2001). Ground Water Issue. Obtenido de EPA ORD: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/epa_540_s01_500.pdf

Prieto Méndez, J., González Ramírez, C. A., Román Gutiérrez, A. D., & Prieto García, F. (2009). Contaminación y fitotoxicidad en plantas por metales pesados provenientes de suelos y agua. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 10(1), 29–44. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93911243003

Ali H., Khan E. & Anwar Sajad M. (2013). Phytoremediation of heavy metals—Concepts and applications. Elsevier, 869-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075.

Ashraf S., Ali Q., Ahmad Zahir Z., Ashraf S. & Naeem Asghar H. (2019). Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils. Elsevier, 714-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068.

Banco Central de Nicaragua. (2021). Informe annual 2021. Obtenido de: https://www.bcn.gob.ni/sites/default/files/documentos/Informe_Anual_2021.pdf

Bolan N., Kunhikrishnan A., Thangarajan R., Kumpiene J., Park J., Makino T., Beth Kirkham M & Scheckel K. (2014). Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize? Elsevier, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018.

Centro Humboldt. (2017). La pequeña minería y minería artesanal en Nicaragua. Obtenido de: https://humboldt.org.ni/la-pequena-mineria-y-mineria-artesanal-en-nicaragua/

Cristaldi, A., Conti, G. O., Jho, E. H., Zuccarello, P., Grasso, A., Copat, C., & Ferrante, M. (2017). Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs. A brief review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 8, 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.08.002

FAO (Organización de las naciones Unidas para la Agricultura), Rodriguez, N., Michael, & Pennock, D. (2019). La contaminación del suelo: una realidad oculta. In Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la alimentacion y la agricultura FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/I9183ES/i9183es.pdf

Gomes H. (2012). Phytoremediation for bioenergy: challenges and opportunities. Environmental Technology Reviews, 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.696715.

Hooda P. (2010). Trace elements in soil. General Soil Chemestry, Principles and Processes, 9-37. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, UK. A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication. DOI:10.1002/9781444319477

Hui Awa S. & Hadibarata T. (2020). Removal of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation Mechanism: a Review. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 231:47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-4426-0.

Laghlimi M., Baghdad B., El Hadi H. & Bouabdli A. (2015). Phytoremediation Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils: A Review. Open Journal of Ecology, 75-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2015.58031.

Lasat, M. M. (1999). Phytoextraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil: A Review of Plant/Soil/Metal Interaction and Assessment of Pertinent Agronomic Issues. Journal of Hazardous Substance Research:, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.4148/1090-7025.1015 .

Mahar A., Wang P., Ali A., Kumar Awasthi M., Hussain Lahori A., Wang Q., Li R. & Zhang Z. (2016). Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: A review. Elsevier, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.023.

McIntyre, T. . (2003). Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Soils. In: Tsao, D.T. (eds) Phytoremediation. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 78. En P. T. P.K., Chapter 18. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils (págs. 417-418). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Naidu, R., Channey, R., McConnell, S., Johnston, N., Semple, K.T., McGrath, S., Dries, V., Nathanail, P., Harmsen, J., Pruszinski, A., MacMillan, J. & Palanisami, T. 2015. Towards bioavailability-based soil criteria: past, present and future perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(12): 8779–8785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1617-x

Pivetz B. (2001). Ground Water Issue. Obtenido de EPA ORD: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/epa_540_s01_500.pdf

Prieto Méndez, J., González Ramírez, C. A., Román Gutiérrez, A. D., & Prieto García, F. (2009). Contaminación y fitotoxicidad en plantas por metales pesados provenientes de suelos y agua. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 10(1), 29–44. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93911243003

Singh Kanwar V., Sharma A., Lal Srivastav A. & Rani L. (2020). Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review. Springer, 44835–44860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3.

Shah, V., & Daverey, A. (2020). Environmental Technology & Innovation Phytoremediation : A multidisciplinary approach to clean up heavy metal contaminated soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 18, 100774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100774

Shehata S., Badawy R. & Aboulsoud Y. (2019). Phytoremediation of some heavy metals in contaminated soil. Springer Open, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0214-7.

Wuana R. & Okieimen F. (2011). Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Ecology, 1-21. DOI:10.5402/2011/402647.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-01

How to Cite

López Hernández, M. E. ., & Morales Hernández, O. E. . (2022). Phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals: a review. Journal of Science and Technology El Higo, 12(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15197

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)

Section

Review article

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Los artículos publicados en la revista El Higo, Nicaragua, se comparten bajo términos de la licencia Creative Commons: Reconocimiento, No Comercial, Compartir Igual.   que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista. 

Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.