Uso sostenible de la cascarilla de arroz para productos de valor añadido
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i1.14516Palabras clave:
Cáscara de arroz, Valorización, Pirólisis, Catálisis, Biochar, BioaceiteResumen
En este artículo se hace una revisión exhaustiva de la conversión termoquímica de la cáscara de arroz (CA) en productos de valor añadido. La cáscara de arroz es un residuo orgánico que se produce en volúmenes considerables en Nicaragua, representando una fuente viable de productos de valor añadido a partir de procesos termoquímicos. Las propiedades de la CA y las condiciones de funcionamiento afectan la calidad y el rendimiento de los productos de bioaceite, biochar y en la elaboración de concreto. Se revisaron sistemáticamente las técnicas de conversión, como la gasificación, la pirólisis lenta y rápida, y la distribución de los productos. La bibliografía muestra que los catalizadores basados en níquel (Ni) demostraron una alta actividad en el craqueo de compuestos de alquitrán e hidrocarburos, mejoraron la calidad del gas y obtuvieron una alta producción de hidrógeno. Las cenizas de CA también se utilizan como material cementante alternativo en el sector de la construcción. El nivel óptimo de sustitución del cemento por cenizas de CA en el concreto es del 15-20%, y se observa una mayor resistencia a la compresión en el concreto con cenizas de CA que en el concreto de cemento convencional.
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